Welcome to the RS Surgical blog. Today, we delve into a crucial health topic that could very well save your life or the life of someone you love: rectal cancer screening. This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with valuable information on why regular screening is vital, how it’s performed, and what you can expect during the process.
Understanding Rectal Cancer
Rectal cancer begins in the rectum, the last several inches of the large intestine closest to the anus. It is often grouped together with colon cancer as colorectal cancer but has distinct differences that require specific screening and treatment approaches.
Why is Rectal Cancer Screening Essential?
Screening for rectal cancer is critical because it can detect cancer at an early stage, when it is most treatable. Early detection not only saves lives but can also significantly reduce the complexity and severity of treatment required. Furthermore, screening can identify precancerous polyps that can be removed before they turn into cancer.
Who Should Get Screened for Rectal Cancer?
The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals at average risk of colorectal cancer start regular screening at age 45. However, you may need to start screening earlier if you have:
- A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps.
- A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease.
- A known family history of a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome.
Discuss with your healthcare provider when and how often you should be screened, as recommendations can vary based on your personal risk factors.
Types of Rectal Cancer Screening Tests
Several tests are available for rectal cancer screening, each with its own advantages and limitations. Here’s an overview of the most commonly used screening methods:
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) and Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
These tests detect hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of cancer. They are non-invasive and done at home using a test kit that you send to a laboratory. If blood is detected, further testing, such as a colonoscopy, is necessary.
Colonoscopy
This is the most comprehensive screening test for rectal cancer. During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube with a camera at the end (a colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum to examine the entire colon and rectum. Any suspicious areas can be biopsied, and polyps can be removed during the procedure.
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Similar to a colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy uses a shorter tube to examine only the lower part of the colon and rectum. While less invasive, it may miss cancers or polyps in the upper part of the colon.
CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
This test uses CT scans to produce images of the colon and rectum, which are then examined for polyps and cancer. It does not require sedation, but any found polyps cannot be removed during the test, requiring a follow-up procedure.
Preparing for Rectal Cancer Screening
Preparation for rectal cancer screening can vary depending on the type of test. For colonoscopies and sigmoidoscopies, you may need to follow a special diet and take a laxative solution to clear your colon. This preparation is crucial as it allows clear visibility during the examination.
What to Expect During and After Screening
During a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, you will usually be given medication to help you relax or sleep. Most people don’t remember the procedure afterwards. For non-invasive tests like FOBT or FIT, there is no preparation or recovery time involved.
The Importance of Following Up
If your test results are normal, your doctor will advise when you should be screened again. If something abnormal is found, you may need further tests or treatments. Follow-up is crucial, as it ensures that any signs of cancer are managed promptly.
The Role of Lifestyle in Prevention
While screening is vital, you can also reduce your risk of developing rectal cancer through lifestyle changes:
- Diet: Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit red meat and processed foods.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity can significantly lower your risk of cancer.
- Weight Management: Being overweight or obese increases your risk. Maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce your risk.
- Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Both smoking and excessive alcohol use can increase your risk of rectal cancer.
Empowering Yourself Through Education
At RS Surgical, we believe in empowering our patients with knowledge. Understanding the importance of rectal cancer screening and participating actively in your healthcare can lead to early detection and a greater chance of successful treatment.
Your Health is Our Priority
If you are approaching the age for recommended screening or if you have risk factors for rectal cancer, don’t delay. Contact RS Surgical today to discuss your screening options. We are here to support you every step of the way, from initial consultation to screening and, if necessary, treatment.
Visit our website to learn more about our comprehensive cancer screening services, or schedule an appointment to speak with one of our specialists. Early detection is your best defense against rectal cancer, and we are committed to providing you with the highest standard of care.